1 00:00:00,250 --> 00:00:22,390 [Music] 2 00:00:22,400 --> 00:00:27,010 so 3 00:00:42,630 --> 00:00:32,760 [Music] 4 00:00:47,990 --> 00:00:45,190 hello and welcome to a very special 5 00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:48,000 episode of nasa science live i'm your 6 00:00:53,110 --> 00:00:51,120 host tahira allen and today i am so 7 00:00:55,910 --> 00:00:53,120 thrilled to be talking to you about 8 00:00:58,790 --> 00:00:55,920 another key milestone in the james webb 9 00:00:59,990 --> 00:00:58,800 space telescope's journey to unfold the 10 00:01:03,110 --> 00:01:00,000 universe 11 00:01:05,509 --> 00:01:03,120 the past month has been so exciting for 12 00:01:08,070 --> 00:01:05,519 webb from the breathtaking launch in 13 00:01:10,950 --> 00:01:08,080 french guyana on christmas day to the 14 00:01:12,550 --> 00:01:10,960 two-week unfolding of this intricately 15 00:01:15,429 --> 00:01:12,560 packed telescope 16 00:01:18,070 --> 00:01:15,439 and now the excitement continues 17 00:01:21,190 --> 00:01:18,080 not only did everything deploy properly 18 00:01:23,749 --> 00:01:21,200 just as expected but moments ago the 19 00:01:26,550 --> 00:01:23,759 james webb space telescope completed its 20 00:01:28,469 --> 00:01:26,560 final burn and has now arrived at its 21 00:01:30,390 --> 00:01:28,479 final destination 22 00:01:32,870 --> 00:01:30,400 today we are going to be talking about 23 00:01:35,510 --> 00:01:32,880 what's next for webb as it embarks on 24 00:01:38,069 --> 00:01:35,520 its mission to uncover more about our 25 00:01:40,630 --> 00:01:38,079 universe and our place in it 26 00:01:43,030 --> 00:01:40,640 we have a lot of viewers who are very 27 00:01:45,830 --> 00:01:43,040 interested and just excited about this 28 00:01:46,870 --> 00:01:45,840 mission and today we want to hear from 29 00:01:49,030 --> 00:01:46,880 you 30 00:01:51,270 --> 00:01:49,040 for those watching live feel free to 31 00:01:53,749 --> 00:01:51,280 participate in today's show by 32 00:01:56,870 --> 00:01:53,759 submitting a question on social media 33 00:01:59,109 --> 00:01:56,880 using the hashtag unfold the universe 34 00:02:00,789 --> 00:01:59,119 you can also drop a question directly 35 00:02:02,870 --> 00:02:00,799 into the comment box wherever you're 36 00:02:05,030 --> 00:02:02,880 watching the stream from we will be 37 00:02:06,950 --> 00:02:05,040 getting to those questions live on air 38 00:02:09,589 --> 00:02:06,960 so stay tuned 39 00:02:12,070 --> 00:02:09,599 joining me today are two very special 40 00:02:14,949 --> 00:02:12,080 people who are here to answer all of 41 00:02:17,430 --> 00:02:14,959 your burning questions we have dr amber 42 00:02:19,750 --> 00:02:17,440 strohn who is the web deputy project 43 00:02:23,110 --> 00:02:19,760 scientist for communications at nasa 44 00:02:25,990 --> 00:02:23,120 goddard and scarlet hernandez who is the 45 00:02:29,110 --> 00:02:26,000 web flight systems engineer at the space 46 00:02:31,670 --> 00:02:29,120 telescope science institute ladies thank 47 00:02:33,670 --> 00:02:31,680 you so much for being here today we are 48 00:02:35,430 --> 00:02:33,680 so happy to have you 49 00:02:37,190 --> 00:02:35,440 thank you for inviting me i'm very happy 50 00:02:39,589 --> 00:02:37,200 to be here 51 00:02:41,750 --> 00:02:39,599 yeah thank you very exciting day good 52 00:02:44,550 --> 00:02:41,760 good to be here 53 00:02:46,790 --> 00:02:44,560 yeah i mean absolutely so i can only 54 00:02:48,869 --> 00:02:46,800 imagine that you two are on the edge of 55 00:02:52,710 --> 00:02:48,879 your seat with web having finally 56 00:02:55,190 --> 00:02:52,720 arrived at its new home in space scarlet 57 00:02:57,910 --> 00:02:55,200 can you walk us through a little bit of 58 00:03:00,630 --> 00:02:57,920 about what had to happen today to ensure 59 00:03:02,550 --> 00:03:00,640 that webb arrived safe and sound in its 60 00:03:04,949 --> 00:03:02,560 new orbit 61 00:03:07,990 --> 00:03:04,959 absolutely so um as i was saying i'm 62 00:03:10,550 --> 00:03:08,000 super excited um we're fully deployed 63 00:03:12,229 --> 00:03:10,560 and just about an hour ago uh we 64 00:03:14,630 --> 00:03:12,239 performed our final mid-course 65 00:03:16,630 --> 00:03:14,640 correction uh which was about five 66 00:03:19,110 --> 00:03:16,640 minutes in duration 67 00:03:21,750 --> 00:03:19,120 um and here actually you can see a live 68 00:03:23,990 --> 00:03:21,760 feed of the mission control center this 69 00:03:26,309 --> 00:03:24,000 is actually the launch and commissioning 70 00:03:29,030 --> 00:03:26,319 support room where all of the spacecraft 71 00:03:31,589 --> 00:03:29,040 engineers and subject matter experts 72 00:03:34,309 --> 00:03:31,599 are located and i can see here on the 73 00:03:35,670 --> 00:03:34,319 bottom right there's a perry he's the 74 00:03:38,149 --> 00:03:35,680 lead of uh 75 00:03:41,190 --> 00:03:38,159 from our thermal team i see flight 76 00:03:44,550 --> 00:03:41,200 software right behind there 77 00:03:46,309 --> 00:03:44,560 and i see uh some from our power team 78 00:03:47,990 --> 00:03:46,319 our communications team so it's all 79 00:03:50,470 --> 00:03:48,000 hands on deck here 80 00:03:53,270 --> 00:03:50,480 of course we have the delta v team our 81 00:03:56,229 --> 00:03:53,280 change in velocity uh team that helped 82 00:03:59,030 --> 00:03:56,239 us get into our l2 orbit today 83 00:04:01,910 --> 00:03:59,040 so as i was saying super excited 84 00:04:04,710 --> 00:04:01,920 we of course had a series of steps 85 00:04:06,309 --> 00:04:04,720 um to take to ensure safety uh like 86 00:04:07,350 --> 00:04:06,319 making sure that our storage system 87 00:04:10,149 --> 00:04:07,360 momentum 88 00:04:12,630 --> 00:04:10,159 was below the expected threshold uh we 89 00:04:15,030 --> 00:04:12,640 had to uplink our ephemeris which is 90 00:04:17,430 --> 00:04:15,040 basically a table of our expected 91 00:04:19,270 --> 00:04:17,440 positions on each axis 92 00:04:21,189 --> 00:04:19,280 over a period of time 93 00:04:23,670 --> 00:04:21,199 and we work very closely with the flight 94 00:04:25,189 --> 00:04:23,680 dynamics team for the positioning data 95 00:04:27,430 --> 00:04:25,199 and these burns 96 00:04:29,270 --> 00:04:27,440 we also had to activate specific heater 97 00:04:30,950 --> 00:04:29,280 groups to ensure that we were warm 98 00:04:32,469 --> 00:04:30,960 enough to start 99 00:04:34,710 --> 00:04:32,479 and then we were able to beautifully 100 00:04:36,310 --> 00:04:34,720 execute the burn which like i said was 101 00:04:38,790 --> 00:04:36,320 about five minutes 102 00:04:41,110 --> 00:04:38,800 and so we're now at our orbital 103 00:04:44,710 --> 00:04:41,120 destination and soon enough be able to 104 00:04:48,230 --> 00:04:46,790 wow thank you for walking us through 105 00:04:50,790 --> 00:04:48,240 that it sounds like 106 00:04:53,270 --> 00:04:50,800 a lot had to happen today and 107 00:04:56,230 --> 00:04:53,280 that's basically how this past month has 108 00:04:58,550 --> 00:04:56,240 gone for webb so much had to go right to 109 00:05:01,590 --> 00:04:58,560 get us to even this moment that we're 110 00:05:03,990 --> 00:05:01,600 here at right now and so amber could you 111 00:05:06,550 --> 00:05:04,000 briefly describe the past 30 days for 112 00:05:09,029 --> 00:05:06,560 webb and help us understand what all had 113 00:05:10,870 --> 00:05:09,039 to go perfectly to get webb to where it 114 00:05:13,670 --> 00:05:10,880 is right now 115 00:05:16,029 --> 00:05:13,680 yeah wow what a ride this last month has 116 00:05:19,270 --> 00:05:16,039 been i mean it started with this 117 00:05:21,430 --> 00:05:19,280 spectacular launch on christmas morning 118 00:05:23,430 --> 00:05:21,440 um what a what a beautiful beautiful 119 00:05:27,189 --> 00:05:23,440 thing to happen and you know the launch 120 00:05:29,590 --> 00:05:27,199 itself was super efficient just almost 121 00:05:31,990 --> 00:05:29,600 perfect as perfect as it could go 122 00:05:34,469 --> 00:05:32,000 and um so you know thanks to our esa 123 00:05:36,710 --> 00:05:34,479 partners and rn spots for providing us 124 00:05:38,469 --> 00:05:36,720 with such an awesome rocket 125 00:05:41,350 --> 00:05:38,479 and then of course the hard part started 126 00:05:43,749 --> 00:05:41,360 you know the next two weeks were filled 127 00:05:45,990 --> 00:05:43,759 with these intense deployments and this 128 00:05:47,670 --> 00:05:46,000 is the first time this has ever been 129 00:05:49,110 --> 00:05:47,680 done like this in space the first time 130 00:05:51,990 --> 00:05:49,120 anything like this has been done in 131 00:05:54,070 --> 00:05:52,000 space and those deployments also went 132 00:05:56,230 --> 00:05:54,080 almost perfectly we couldn't have asked 133 00:05:58,309 --> 00:05:56,240 for a better deployment sequence and 134 00:06:00,629 --> 00:05:58,319 these engineers have built us an awesome 135 00:06:01,990 --> 00:06:00,639 telescope and then the last two weeks 136 00:06:04,550 --> 00:06:02,000 have really been filled with the 137 00:06:06,150 --> 00:06:04,560 telescope continuing to cool 138 00:06:08,230 --> 00:06:06,160 and of course it's been traveling out to 139 00:06:10,710 --> 00:06:08,240 this l2 point and really getting the 140 00:06:12,950 --> 00:06:10,720 mirrors ready for this next big phase of 141 00:06:15,909 --> 00:06:12,960 commissioning this three-month mirror 142 00:06:18,070 --> 00:06:15,919 alignment process 143 00:06:20,070 --> 00:06:18,080 wow thank you for painting that picture 144 00:06:23,430 --> 00:06:20,080 for us it sounds like it has been an 145 00:06:25,430 --> 00:06:23,440 intense past 30 days and it's incredible 146 00:06:27,590 --> 00:06:25,440 to hear how all of these teams from 147 00:06:29,830 --> 00:06:27,600 around the world honestly have had to 148 00:06:32,309 --> 00:06:29,840 work together to ensure that this 149 00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:32,319 revolutionary telescope is safe and 150 00:06:36,870 --> 00:06:34,880 sound and operating where it should be 151 00:06:39,430 --> 00:06:36,880 so like you just shared we have seen a 152 00:06:41,909 --> 00:06:39,440 successful deployment of web now and 153 00:06:44,550 --> 00:06:41,919 just today it has arrived at its final 154 00:06:46,390 --> 00:06:44,560 destination in space but before we go 155 00:06:48,710 --> 00:06:46,400 any further let's learn a little bit 156 00:06:53,430 --> 00:06:48,720 more about webb's new stable home in 157 00:06:56,870 --> 00:06:55,430 the james webb space telescope will 158 00:06:58,950 --> 00:06:56,880 perform its science mission while 159 00:07:00,550 --> 00:06:58,960 orbiting a location in space one million 160 00:07:04,070 --> 00:07:00,560 miles away from earth called the second 161 00:07:06,070 --> 00:07:04,080 lagrange point or l2 for short 162 00:07:08,070 --> 00:07:06,080 l2 is a point where the gravitational 163 00:07:09,990 --> 00:07:08,080 influences of the earth and sun and 164 00:07:11,749 --> 00:07:10,000 motion of the orbit combine to create an 165 00:07:14,309 --> 00:07:11,759 equilibrium 166 00:07:16,150 --> 00:07:14,319 as webb orbits l2 the telescope stays in 167 00:07:17,430 --> 00:07:16,160 line with earth as it travels around the 168 00:07:19,589 --> 00:07:17,440 sun 169 00:07:21,510 --> 00:07:19,599 the telescope's optics and instruments 170 00:07:23,670 --> 00:07:21,520 need to be kept very cold to be able to 171 00:07:25,589 --> 00:07:23,680 clearly observe the very faint signals 172 00:07:27,589 --> 00:07:25,599 of very distant objects 173 00:07:29,430 --> 00:07:27,599 this location is perfect for web 174 00:07:30,390 --> 00:07:29,440 sunshield to block out light and heat 175 00:07:32,790 --> 00:07:30,400 from the sun 176 00:07:34,550 --> 00:07:32,800 earth and moon unlike the hubble space 177 00:07:36,230 --> 00:07:34,560 telescope webb's orbit keeps the 178 00:07:38,390 --> 00:07:36,240 spacecraft out of the earth's shadow 179 00:07:41,110 --> 00:07:38,400 making l2 a thermally stable location 180 00:07:42,950 --> 00:07:41,120 for the observatory to operate 181 00:07:45,510 --> 00:07:42,960 webb will operate within its field of 182 00:07:47,110 --> 00:07:45,520 regard the field of regard refers to the 183 00:07:49,270 --> 00:07:47,120 angles the telescope can move while 184 00:07:51,830 --> 00:07:49,280 staying in the shadow of the sun 185 00:07:53,029 --> 00:07:51,840 each of web's instruments has its own 186 00:07:57,270 --> 00:07:53,039 field of view 187 00:07:59,270 --> 00:07:57,280 an instrument can observe 188 00:08:00,950 --> 00:07:59,280 webb's fine steering mirror is moved so 189 00:08:03,029 --> 00:08:00,960 that an object can be observed by the 190 00:08:04,710 --> 00:08:03,039 different instruments this prevents the 191 00:08:06,150 --> 00:08:04,720 whole telescope from having to re-point 192 00:08:07,510 --> 00:08:06,160 itself to do so 193 00:08:09,510 --> 00:08:07,520 the commissioning process will be 194 00:08:11,830 --> 00:08:09,520 complete approximately six months after 195 00:08:13,110 --> 00:08:11,840 launch at which time webb will start a 196 00:08:15,110 --> 00:08:13,120 science mission 197 00:08:22,790 --> 00:08:15,120 helping to uncover more of the mysteries 198 00:08:29,029 --> 00:08:25,510 so there you have it webb is in a stable 199 00:08:31,670 --> 00:08:29,039 orbit now at lagrange point two so amber 200 00:08:33,350 --> 00:08:31,680 scarlet that leads us to the big 201 00:08:35,829 --> 00:08:33,360 question for today 202 00:08:37,990 --> 00:08:35,839 what can we expect next for webb's 203 00:08:40,630 --> 00:08:38,000 mission 204 00:08:43,589 --> 00:08:40,640 well now we just continue to cool down 205 00:08:45,670 --> 00:08:43,599 uh in order for our instruments and fine 206 00:08:48,389 --> 00:08:45,680 steering mirror to function at optimal 207 00:08:50,150 --> 00:08:48,399 capacity we need to reach a set 208 00:08:51,910 --> 00:08:50,160 temperature range 209 00:08:54,389 --> 00:08:51,920 and then we'll also be aligning our 210 00:08:57,110 --> 00:08:54,399 primary mirror before moving on to the 211 00:08:59,030 --> 00:08:57,120 instrument package 212 00:09:01,030 --> 00:08:59,040 and of course after all of that comes 213 00:09:03,670 --> 00:09:01,040 the fun part i mean this is all fun but 214 00:09:06,550 --> 00:09:03,680 for me it's science the science is the 215 00:09:09,430 --> 00:09:06,560 fun part and so we expect the first 216 00:09:12,389 --> 00:09:09,440 science images from jwst to come back in 217 00:09:14,310 --> 00:09:12,399 about five months so be getting excited 218 00:09:17,190 --> 00:09:14,320 getting ready for those to come back 219 00:09:20,230 --> 00:09:17,200 later on this summer and we can expect 220 00:09:21,590 --> 00:09:20,240 really spectacularly beautiful images to 221 00:09:24,070 --> 00:09:21,600 come back from this awesome new 222 00:09:26,550 --> 00:09:24,080 telescope but beyond that they're going 223 00:09:28,710 --> 00:09:26,560 to be amazing scientifically of course 224 00:09:31,110 --> 00:09:28,720 the first year of just science 225 00:09:32,870 --> 00:09:31,120 observations has already been planned 226 00:09:35,110 --> 00:09:32,880 and we will be looking at things in the 227 00:09:36,630 --> 00:09:35,120 universe ranging from objects within our 228 00:09:38,310 --> 00:09:36,640 own solar system 229 00:09:41,030 --> 00:09:38,320 all the way out to searching for the 230 00:09:43,190 --> 00:09:41,040 very first galaxies to be born after the 231 00:09:44,790 --> 00:09:43,200 big bang and everything in time and 232 00:09:46,870 --> 00:09:44,800 space in between it's going to be 233 00:09:48,230 --> 00:09:46,880 awesome 234 00:09:50,710 --> 00:09:48,240 well i mean 235 00:09:52,790 --> 00:09:50,720 the fun has just begun and it's like 236 00:09:55,430 --> 00:09:52,800 it's very cool to hear that we already 237 00:09:58,070 --> 00:09:55,440 have this first year of science ironed 238 00:09:59,430 --> 00:09:58,080 out and i'd like to go back scarlet you 239 00:10:02,069 --> 00:09:59,440 mentioned that 240 00:10:05,590 --> 00:10:02,079 over the next five months webb will 241 00:10:07,110 --> 00:10:05,600 continue to cool down its instruments so 242 00:10:09,910 --> 00:10:07,120 web has been traveling through space for 243 00:10:11,829 --> 00:10:09,920 the past 30 days can you help which is 244 00:10:14,870 --> 00:10:11,839 already very cold so can you help us 245 00:10:17,110 --> 00:10:14,880 understand why it takes so long for web 246 00:10:19,350 --> 00:10:17,120 to continue cooling down to this correct 247 00:10:21,590 --> 00:10:19,360 temperature 248 00:10:23,509 --> 00:10:21,600 yeah that's actually a great question i 249 00:10:25,750 --> 00:10:23,519 think sometimes it's easy for us to 250 00:10:27,590 --> 00:10:25,760 assume that because it's space and it 251 00:10:30,550 --> 00:10:27,600 can get really cold 252 00:10:32,790 --> 00:10:30,560 in some places reaching absolute zero 253 00:10:35,030 --> 00:10:32,800 why wouldn't we just instantly freeze up 254 00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:35,040 right especially with this humongous sun 255 00:10:40,870 --> 00:10:36,240 shield 256 00:10:43,110 --> 00:10:40,880 our cooling rates quite a bit um but we 257 00:10:45,190 --> 00:10:43,120 have to remember that space the space 258 00:10:46,550 --> 00:10:45,200 environment is not like it is here on 259 00:10:49,110 --> 00:10:46,560 earth 260 00:10:51,829 --> 00:10:49,120 we have heat transfer processes here on 261 00:10:54,710 --> 00:10:51,839 earth like convection and conduction 262 00:10:57,190 --> 00:10:54,720 and in space we're limited to radiation 263 00:11:00,550 --> 00:10:57,200 therefore the heat dissipation takes a 264 00:11:04,790 --> 00:11:02,790 wow thank you for that explanation 265 00:11:06,710 --> 00:11:04,800 because like you said i mean 266 00:11:08,550 --> 00:11:06,720 there you can test it as much as you 267 00:11:11,030 --> 00:11:08,560 want on earth but when you get to space 268 00:11:13,910 --> 00:11:11,040 it's a whole different ballgame and so 269 00:11:15,750 --> 00:11:13,920 another thing that i want to go back to 270 00:11:17,750 --> 00:11:15,760 over this next five months is that you 271 00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:17,760 mentioned that we need to align webb's 272 00:11:24,069 --> 00:11:21,600 mirrors so these 18 hexagonal pieces all 273 00:11:26,550 --> 00:11:24,079 have to come together can you walk us 274 00:11:28,949 --> 00:11:26,560 through how that works 275 00:11:30,630 --> 00:11:28,959 right so these 18 hexagonal mirror 276 00:11:34,230 --> 00:11:30,640 segments need to be pointed in one 277 00:11:35,990 --> 00:11:34,240 direction so it can flow as one giant 278 00:11:38,710 --> 00:11:36,000 six and a half meter mirror so we can 279 00:11:40,550 --> 00:11:38,720 get as much coverage as possible um so 280 00:11:42,550 --> 00:11:40,560 now that the mirrors have been cleared 281 00:11:44,630 --> 00:11:42,560 off their launch restraints and move 282 00:11:45,829 --> 00:11:44,640 slightly away from the telescope 283 00:11:48,069 --> 00:11:45,839 structure 284 00:11:50,150 --> 00:11:48,079 starting off each segment sees 285 00:11:51,750 --> 00:11:50,160 independent light sources 286 00:11:53,430 --> 00:11:51,760 because they're essentially facing 287 00:11:55,030 --> 00:11:53,440 different directions 288 00:11:56,629 --> 00:11:55,040 so we have to align them to work 289 00:11:59,190 --> 00:11:56,639 together so right now they have 290 00:12:01,829 --> 00:11:59,200 different images and different locations 291 00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:01,839 so for example when you look at me 292 00:12:05,829 --> 00:12:03,920 you see one of me but if your eyes 293 00:12:07,670 --> 00:12:05,839 weren't working together you may see two 294 00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:07,680 of me so you can kind of think of it 295 00:12:12,069 --> 00:12:10,480 like that or say you had a hand mirror 296 00:12:13,990 --> 00:12:12,079 you were looking into and it had 297 00:12:16,310 --> 00:12:14,000 different segments and each segment was 298 00:12:18,310 --> 00:12:16,320 a slightly off you would see a distorted 299 00:12:20,629 --> 00:12:18,320 view of yourself but if it was a nice 300 00:12:22,069 --> 00:12:20,639 sleek surface then you would see an 301 00:12:24,470 --> 00:12:22,079 accurate view of yourself so you can 302 00:12:27,110 --> 00:12:24,480 think of it that way we're going to be 303 00:12:29,030 --> 00:12:27,120 using actuators and radius of curvature 304 00:12:31,350 --> 00:12:29,040 motors that are located behind each 305 00:12:33,990 --> 00:12:31,360 segment to make really small tiny 306 00:12:36,150 --> 00:12:34,000 movements moving them just microns and 307 00:12:38,150 --> 00:12:36,160 nanometers 308 00:12:40,310 --> 00:12:38,160 so our smallest movement would be about 309 00:12:43,750 --> 00:12:40,320 like 10 nanometers and i've heard that 310 00:12:46,470 --> 00:12:43,760 being described as one out of 10 000 uh 311 00:12:47,509 --> 00:12:46,480 thickness of human hair so very tiny 312 00:12:49,269 --> 00:12:47,519 movements 313 00:12:50,629 --> 00:12:49,279 that's how much control we have with 314 00:12:53,269 --> 00:12:50,639 these motors 315 00:12:54,949 --> 00:12:53,279 they provide us six degrees of freedom 316 00:12:56,150 --> 00:12:54,959 and we're going to move each mirror very 317 00:12:57,430 --> 00:12:56,160 carefully 318 00:13:00,150 --> 00:12:57,440 and we're going to determine which 319 00:13:01,829 --> 00:13:00,160 images are reflecting from which mirrors 320 00:13:04,310 --> 00:13:01,839 and then through the wavefront sensing 321 00:13:07,190 --> 00:13:04,320 control process we'll be able to achieve 322 00:13:09,670 --> 00:13:07,200 full alignment and you know fully align 323 00:13:12,470 --> 00:13:09,680 our iconic gold mirror and finally focus 324 00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:12,480 the telescope 325 00:13:16,870 --> 00:13:14,720 well thank you that was a really great 326 00:13:20,389 --> 00:13:16,880 explanation of that and to hear that the 327 00:13:22,310 --> 00:13:20,399 movement is as as thin as a human hair i 328 00:13:25,990 --> 00:13:22,320 mean the technology on this telescope 329 00:13:27,430 --> 00:13:26,000 does not cease to amaze and so um i'm 330 00:13:30,150 --> 00:13:27,440 actually going to take a step back 331 00:13:32,710 --> 00:13:30,160 because we are getting a ton of great 332 00:13:35,910 --> 00:13:32,720 questions coming in online so let's just 333 00:13:38,629 --> 00:13:35,920 get right to them our first question is 334 00:13:41,910 --> 00:13:38,639 going to come from kever kevin on 335 00:13:45,350 --> 00:13:41,920 twitter who asks approximately how long 336 00:13:48,550 --> 00:13:45,360 will jwst take to accomplish one orbit 337 00:13:53,189 --> 00:13:48,560 around lagrange 0.2 scarlin could you 338 00:13:58,550 --> 00:13:54,870 um could you repeat the last question 339 00:14:00,470 --> 00:13:58,560 the audio um cut out for me a little bit 340 00:14:02,790 --> 00:14:00,480 yeah sure thing so we have kevin on 341 00:14:05,670 --> 00:14:02,800 twitter who's wondering approximately 342 00:14:19,430 --> 00:14:05,680 how long will it take webb to accomplish 343 00:14:19,440 --> 00:14:24,870 scarlet do we still have you there 344 00:14:28,150 --> 00:14:26,790 okay it looks like we lost garland for a 345 00:14:31,430 --> 00:14:28,160 second so 346 00:14:33,110 --> 00:14:31,440 while she is uh coming back in amber do 347 00:14:34,710 --> 00:14:33,120 you happen to know the answer to this 348 00:14:36,870 --> 00:14:34,720 question 349 00:14:38,629 --> 00:14:36,880 so i don't know the exact answer off the 350 00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:38,639 top of my head well we'll need the 351 00:14:43,350 --> 00:14:40,480 engineer back to answer that remember 352 00:14:45,829 --> 00:14:43,360 i'm an astronomer um but i what i do 353 00:14:48,790 --> 00:14:45,839 know is that that orbit around the l2 354 00:14:51,670 --> 00:14:48,800 point it's a huge orbit um and so it 355 00:14:54,629 --> 00:14:51,680 sort of orbits around this uh sort of 356 00:14:56,870 --> 00:14:54,639 you know imaginary l2 stationary point 357 00:15:00,470 --> 00:14:56,880 uh during the course of its orbit around 358 00:15:02,949 --> 00:15:00,480 the sun so um the telescope essentially 359 00:15:04,870 --> 00:15:02,959 orbits the sun in line with the earth 360 00:15:06,790 --> 00:15:04,880 and it takes of course a year 361 00:15:08,870 --> 00:15:06,800 to make that orbit around the earth or 362 00:15:10,949 --> 00:15:08,880 around the sun along with the earth but 363 00:15:14,310 --> 00:15:10,959 then yeah along the way it's making this 364 00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:14,320 uh long a big circular orbit around the 365 00:15:18,629 --> 00:15:16,720 l2 point 366 00:15:20,629 --> 00:15:18,639 great thank you so much for that and 367 00:15:22,790 --> 00:15:20,639 when scarlet comes back kevin we will be 368 00:15:24,870 --> 00:15:22,800 sure to see if we can get the answer to 369 00:15:27,350 --> 00:15:24,880 this question for you so let's move on 370 00:15:30,389 --> 00:15:27,360 we have stan on facebook amber that's 371 00:15:32,310 --> 00:15:30,399 got a great astronomy question uh he 372 00:15:33,990 --> 00:15:32,320 wants to know can you tell us a little 373 00:15:37,189 --> 00:15:34,000 bit more about the decision-making 374 00:15:40,230 --> 00:15:37,199 process involved with selecting webb's 375 00:15:42,470 --> 00:15:40,240 targets and who decides the priority and 376 00:15:44,470 --> 00:15:42,480 allocates time for each of these points 377 00:15:47,269 --> 00:15:44,480 of interest 378 00:15:50,230 --> 00:15:47,279 that is a great question and the answer 379 00:15:52,389 --> 00:15:50,240 is that it is purely uh sort of 380 00:15:55,829 --> 00:15:52,399 democratic anyone in the world can 381 00:15:57,829 --> 00:15:55,839 propose their best idea on where to 382 00:15:59,590 --> 00:15:57,839 point this telescope that's how it works 383 00:16:01,670 --> 00:15:59,600 with hubble right now and that's how 384 00:16:03,509 --> 00:16:01,680 it's going to work with jrc coming up in 385 00:16:06,150 --> 00:16:03,519 the very near future 386 00:16:07,749 --> 00:16:06,160 so basically once a year astronomers 387 00:16:10,550 --> 00:16:07,759 from around the world sort of get 388 00:16:12,310 --> 00:16:10,560 together and think up their best ideas 389 00:16:13,910 --> 00:16:12,320 of where to point the telescope so that 390 00:16:16,389 --> 00:16:13,920 we can you know learn new things about 391 00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:16,399 the universe and they write proposals 392 00:16:20,790 --> 00:16:18,800 submit the proposals and then another 393 00:16:23,110 --> 00:16:20,800 team of astronomers 394 00:16:25,670 --> 00:16:23,120 reviews the proposals and sort of ranks 395 00:16:27,670 --> 00:16:25,680 them and this is all done anonymously so 396 00:16:29,829 --> 00:16:27,680 there's you know uh you know striving to 397 00:16:32,949 --> 00:16:29,839 be fairness in the process so that at 398 00:16:35,189 --> 00:16:32,959 the end of the day the best ideas get uh 399 00:16:36,389 --> 00:16:35,199 get prioritized and that's who gets time 400 00:16:38,710 --> 00:16:36,399 on the telescope 401 00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:38,720 now the really great thing about this 402 00:16:43,829 --> 00:16:41,440 data that's going to come back from jwst 403 00:16:46,389 --> 00:16:43,839 same thing with hubble is that 404 00:16:48,550 --> 00:16:46,399 a lot of times the astronomers who win 405 00:16:50,790 --> 00:16:48,560 time get a certain amount of 406 00:16:54,069 --> 00:16:50,800 proprietary time so they get access to 407 00:16:54,870 --> 00:16:54,079 the data for six months maybe a year 408 00:16:57,350 --> 00:16:54,880 but 409 00:16:59,990 --> 00:16:57,360 after a year it all becomes public so 410 00:17:02,230 --> 00:17:00,000 anyone in the world can use that data to 411 00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:02,240 do science which is awesome 412 00:17:07,189 --> 00:17:04,000 and then a lot of the data that's taken 413 00:17:09,669 --> 00:17:07,199 during the first year of jwst's lifetime 414 00:17:11,909 --> 00:17:09,679 particularly during the first few months 415 00:17:14,630 --> 00:17:11,919 is going to be available immediately to 416 00:17:20,549 --> 00:17:17,350 wow i mean there was so much awesomeness 417 00:17:21,909 --> 00:17:20,559 in that it's so cool to hear that webb's 418 00:17:23,590 --> 00:17:21,919 data one 419 00:17:26,230 --> 00:17:23,600 this was already such an international 420 00:17:29,029 --> 00:17:26,240 mission and that this incredible piece 421 00:17:31,029 --> 00:17:29,039 of technology gets to you be used and 422 00:17:33,909 --> 00:17:31,039 the love is shared by everyone around 423 00:17:34,870 --> 00:17:33,919 the world and to actually follow up to 424 00:17:39,350 --> 00:17:34,880 that 425 00:17:42,230 --> 00:17:39,360 webb will be looking at in some of its 426 00:17:45,909 --> 00:17:42,240 targets steve on twitter is wondering 427 00:17:49,430 --> 00:17:45,919 will jw jwst look at objects in our own 428 00:17:52,950 --> 00:17:49,440 solar system as well 429 00:17:56,710 --> 00:17:52,960 absolutely so generously has the ability 430 00:17:58,950 --> 00:17:56,720 to look at objects from mars on out so 431 00:18:01,510 --> 00:17:58,960 it can't of course again it's orbiting 432 00:18:03,510 --> 00:18:01,520 just outside the orbit of the of the the 433 00:18:05,990 --> 00:18:03,520 moon about it's about four times further 434 00:18:08,310 --> 00:18:06,000 away than the moon um so it always has 435 00:18:10,630 --> 00:18:08,320 to be pointed out towards deep space it 436 00:18:12,710 --> 00:18:10,640 can't ever look back towards the earth 437 00:18:14,630 --> 00:18:12,720 so for example it could never observe 438 00:18:17,510 --> 00:18:14,640 mercury and venus 439 00:18:20,390 --> 00:18:17,520 but it can observe mars and everything 440 00:18:23,110 --> 00:18:20,400 on out and in fact during that first 441 00:18:25,510 --> 00:18:23,120 year of observations we have detailed 442 00:18:28,310 --> 00:18:25,520 plans to look at lots of objects in our 443 00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:28,320 solar system from mars some of the um 444 00:18:32,950 --> 00:18:30,880 the moons of the outer planets um so 445 00:18:35,430 --> 00:18:32,960 there's a whole list that you can find 446 00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:35,440 online of objects within our solar 447 00:18:41,430 --> 00:18:38,160 system that jbst is planning to study 448 00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:43,750 nice and you say that we can look online 449 00:18:48,070 --> 00:18:46,000 is there a specific website that people 450 00:18:49,830 --> 00:18:48,080 should look forward to to find this 451 00:18:51,990 --> 00:18:49,840 information 452 00:18:54,070 --> 00:18:52,000 absolutely so the space telescope 453 00:18:56,549 --> 00:18:54,080 science institute is where our mission 454 00:18:58,990 --> 00:18:56,559 operations center is located and if you 455 00:19:00,549 --> 00:18:59,000 go on their uh website 456 00:19:02,870 --> 00:19:00,559 stsci.edu 457 00:19:04,630 --> 00:19:02,880 that's where they have listed all of the 458 00:19:07,270 --> 00:19:04,640 different observing programs that are 459 00:19:08,950 --> 00:19:07,280 planned for the first year so you may 460 00:19:10,870 --> 00:19:08,960 have to go a link or too deep but you 461 00:19:14,630 --> 00:19:10,880 should be able to find it pretty easily 462 00:19:17,110 --> 00:19:14,640 or you can just google jwst cycle one so 463 00:19:19,110 --> 00:19:17,120 we call the cycles year by year so cycle 464 00:19:21,669 --> 00:19:19,120 one observations are what that first 465 00:19:23,110 --> 00:19:21,679 year is going to be 466 00:19:24,789 --> 00:19:23,120 thank you so much for sharing that i 467 00:19:26,310 --> 00:19:24,799 know a ton of viewers are going to be 468 00:19:30,150 --> 00:19:26,320 excited to hear that because that is a 469 00:19:30,870 --> 00:19:30,160 question we get so often on social media 470 00:19:32,870 --> 00:19:30,880 so 471 00:19:36,310 --> 00:19:32,880 amber we have another question from 472 00:19:39,190 --> 00:19:36,320 facebook danielle asks is the exposure 473 00:19:43,110 --> 00:19:39,200 time in infrared different than it is in 474 00:19:45,190 --> 00:19:43,120 visible light for data acquisition 475 00:19:46,870 --> 00:19:45,200 absolutely so the wavelength the 476 00:19:49,669 --> 00:19:46,880 wavelength of light that you're looking 477 00:19:52,150 --> 00:19:49,679 at always does come into play uh when 478 00:19:54,310 --> 00:19:52,160 you're planning these observations 479 00:19:56,230 --> 00:19:54,320 and that's for several different reasons 480 00:19:58,710 --> 00:19:56,240 but one of the fundamental reasons is 481 00:20:00,710 --> 00:19:58,720 just because objects in the universe 482 00:20:03,110 --> 00:20:00,720 emit these different wavelengths of 483 00:20:05,430 --> 00:20:03,120 light at sort of different strengths 484 00:20:07,830 --> 00:20:05,440 okay so you can think of one object 485 00:20:08,630 --> 00:20:07,840 might not be very bright in the visible 486 00:20:11,110 --> 00:20:08,640 light 487 00:20:12,789 --> 00:20:11,120 but might be in in emitting a lot of 488 00:20:15,350 --> 00:20:12,799 infrared light and in fact some of the 489 00:20:17,190 --> 00:20:15,360 things we want to look at with jbst 490 00:20:19,909 --> 00:20:17,200 are going to be great to observe with 491 00:20:21,510 --> 00:20:19,919 this telescope for that specific reason 492 00:20:23,510 --> 00:20:21,520 that you can't really see them in 493 00:20:25,669 --> 00:20:23,520 visible light or other wavelengths but 494 00:20:28,070 --> 00:20:25,679 you can see them in infrared light and 495 00:20:30,310 --> 00:20:28,080 so yes because objects emit a different 496 00:20:32,470 --> 00:20:30,320 sort of power at different parts of the 497 00:20:34,310 --> 00:20:32,480 wavelength range means that we'll have 498 00:20:37,350 --> 00:20:34,320 to sort of calculate those different 499 00:20:41,350 --> 00:20:39,669 and you can see right now actually uh 500 00:20:43,350 --> 00:20:41,360 one of the one of the things i love 501 00:20:45,430 --> 00:20:43,360 about these these infrared images people 502 00:20:47,830 --> 00:20:45,440 always ask if they're going to be pretty 503 00:20:50,310 --> 00:20:47,840 which is a valid question uh and this uh 504 00:20:52,470 --> 00:20:50,320 what you see on the screen now is a near 505 00:20:55,270 --> 00:20:52,480 infrared image from hubble so hubble has 506 00:20:57,510 --> 00:20:55,280 a little bit of capability in the near 507 00:21:00,149 --> 00:20:57,520 infrared and this is a near-infrared 508 00:21:01,830 --> 00:21:00,159 image of the uh the eagle nebula are 509 00:21:04,710 --> 00:21:01,840 often called the pillars of creation 510 00:21:07,669 --> 00:21:04,720 from hubble and um what infrared light 511 00:21:09,750 --> 00:21:07,679 allows us to do is essentially peer down 512 00:21:12,470 --> 00:21:09,760 into those dust clouds that you can't 513 00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:12,480 see through with with visible light and 514 00:21:16,950 --> 00:21:14,720 allows us to see the the stars being 515 00:21:19,110 --> 00:21:16,960 born so when people ask these pictures 516 00:21:20,950 --> 00:21:19,120 are going to be pretty i always point 517 00:21:22,870 --> 00:21:20,960 them to this image because isn't this 518 00:21:26,470 --> 00:21:22,880 this is like a beautiful beautiful 519 00:21:32,230 --> 00:21:29,590 i completely agree and oh hey scarlet so 520 00:21:34,710 --> 00:21:32,240 glad to see you back online clinical 521 00:21:36,950 --> 00:21:34,720 difficulties no 522 00:21:38,470 --> 00:21:36,960 no worries at all 523 00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:38,480 uh amber i'm going to talk to you one 524 00:21:43,029 --> 00:21:40,720 more question kind of in the same light 525 00:21:46,470 --> 00:21:43,039 uh we have mark on facebook who wants to 526 00:21:48,630 --> 00:21:46,480 know that due to webb's position at l2 527 00:21:50,710 --> 00:21:48,640 is there anything we won't be able to 528 00:21:52,789 --> 00:21:50,720 see 529 00:21:55,430 --> 00:21:52,799 yeah so i i kind of touched on this a 530 00:21:58,710 --> 00:21:55,440 little bit but but because it is at that 531 00:22:00,789 --> 00:21:58,720 part of space it and because it's an 532 00:22:03,029 --> 00:22:00,799 infrared telescope of course the mirrors 533 00:22:05,510 --> 00:22:03,039 always have to be pointing outward away 534 00:22:07,510 --> 00:22:05,520 from the sun um we can't ever point the 535 00:22:10,149 --> 00:22:07,520 telescope back towards the sun because 536 00:22:12,950 --> 00:22:10,159 that would essentially fry our detectors 537 00:22:15,830 --> 00:22:12,960 uh and so that means we can't look back 538 00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:15,840 at the moon the earth venus mercury or 539 00:22:19,590 --> 00:22:17,679 the sun itself of course uh but 540 00:22:22,149 --> 00:22:19,600 everything else uh from the orbit of 541 00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:22,159 mars on out is fair game for for this 542 00:22:26,470 --> 00:22:24,400 telescope 543 00:22:28,549 --> 00:22:26,480 wow i mean that 544 00:22:30,789 --> 00:22:28,559 that gives us a lot to look at thank you 545 00:22:32,390 --> 00:22:30,799 so much and so scarlet amber was just 546 00:22:36,630 --> 00:22:32,400 telling us a little bit about what we 547 00:22:38,149 --> 00:22:36,640 can expect for web 2 image and how that 548 00:22:40,149 --> 00:22:38,159 process really works between the 549 00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:40,159 infrared and the visible light but we 550 00:22:45,190 --> 00:22:42,720 have a question from mike t on youtube 551 00:22:48,230 --> 00:22:45,200 who asks how long does it take for 552 00:22:51,830 --> 00:22:48,240 communications to transfer to and from 553 00:22:54,230 --> 00:22:51,840 the telescope do you have any insight on 554 00:22:56,950 --> 00:22:54,240 on that 555 00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:56,960 well that's a very specific question um 556 00:23:02,310 --> 00:22:58,720 i would probably have to defer that one 557 00:23:03,909 --> 00:23:02,320 to the com team but we use these massive 558 00:23:05,909 --> 00:23:03,919 powerful 559 00:23:08,470 --> 00:23:05,919 antennas from the ground 560 00:23:11,029 --> 00:23:08,480 to relay the signal from the 561 00:23:12,149 --> 00:23:11,039 computers in the mission operations 562 00:23:15,029 --> 00:23:12,159 center 563 00:23:16,789 --> 00:23:15,039 to the telescope so from the control 564 00:23:19,350 --> 00:23:16,799 center we are sending commands to the 565 00:23:21,350 --> 00:23:19,360 telescope any activity that that it 566 00:23:22,950 --> 00:23:21,360 performs we're commanding from the 567 00:23:23,990 --> 00:23:22,960 control center 568 00:23:26,710 --> 00:23:24,000 and then 569 00:23:28,149 --> 00:23:26,720 once the telescope performs what it 570 00:23:30,789 --> 00:23:28,159 needs to do 571 00:23:33,990 --> 00:23:30,799 we are monitoring real-time telemetry 572 00:23:39,510 --> 00:23:37,350 wow thank you and so back back to just 573 00:23:41,029 --> 00:23:39,520 monitoring this telescope systems and a 574 00:23:43,110 --> 00:23:41,039 little bit earlier you mentioned that in 575 00:23:43,909 --> 00:23:43,120 the immediate future the next five 576 00:23:46,070 --> 00:23:43,919 months 577 00:23:47,750 --> 00:23:46,080 we web will need to cool down to a 578 00:23:50,070 --> 00:23:47,760 specific temperature in order for its 579 00:23:52,390 --> 00:23:50,080 instruments to work and so we have 580 00:23:55,750 --> 00:23:52,400 anthony on instagram who wants to know 581 00:23:57,830 --> 00:23:55,760 if specifically how much time till web 582 00:23:59,510 --> 00:23:57,840 actually cools down to this correct 583 00:24:01,909 --> 00:23:59,520 temperature 584 00:24:04,870 --> 00:24:01,919 right so it's about 40 kelvin i believe 585 00:24:06,390 --> 00:24:04,880 it takes about 98 days for uh the 586 00:24:09,029 --> 00:24:06,400 instrument's mirror to cool down to 587 00:24:14,870 --> 00:24:09,990 that is 588 00:24:17,669 --> 00:24:14,880 and so 589 00:24:20,549 --> 00:24:17,679 yeah and a follow-up um twit app on 590 00:24:23,750 --> 00:24:20,559 twitter asks has the gradual cooling 591 00:24:26,230 --> 00:24:23,760 down over wet of webb over the last week 592 00:24:27,510 --> 00:24:26,240 been according to the simulations has it 593 00:24:29,750 --> 00:24:27,520 happened 594 00:24:31,590 --> 00:24:29,760 as you all thought it would 595 00:24:34,630 --> 00:24:31,600 yeah of course it's never perfect 596 00:24:36,310 --> 00:24:34,640 because it is a simulation um but yes it 597 00:24:39,110 --> 00:24:36,320 has been um 598 00:24:42,789 --> 00:24:39,120 almost as just as expected 599 00:24:45,350 --> 00:24:42,799 we have had our cooling rate uh increase 600 00:24:48,310 --> 00:24:45,360 quite a lot from the deployment of the 601 00:24:51,190 --> 00:24:48,320 sunshield and everything is going uh 602 00:24:53,750 --> 00:24:51,200 marvelous really 603 00:24:55,909 --> 00:24:53,760 nice i mean that is what we love to hear 604 00:24:57,590 --> 00:24:55,919 and hope it continues that way over 605 00:24:59,110 --> 00:24:57,600 these next five and a half months you 606 00:25:02,149 --> 00:24:59,120 know fingers crossed 607 00:25:04,870 --> 00:25:02,159 and so another question we have is from 608 00:25:10,950 --> 00:25:04,880 justin on twitter who asks are there 609 00:25:13,830 --> 00:25:10,960 other observatories in l2 besides jwst 610 00:25:15,350 --> 00:25:13,840 uh scarlet you want to take this one 611 00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:15,360 amber do you want to take this one 612 00:25:17,510 --> 00:25:16,400 actually 613 00:25:20,149 --> 00:25:17,520 sure 614 00:25:22,149 --> 00:25:20,159 yeah yeah so um there are there are 615 00:25:25,830 --> 00:25:22,159 other observatories out in this part of 616 00:25:28,549 --> 00:25:25,840 space um uh there's a the european gaia 617 00:25:32,070 --> 00:25:28,559 observatory is um out in this part of 618 00:25:35,269 --> 00:25:32,080 space and in fact we've been able to uh 619 00:25:37,110 --> 00:25:35,279 to learn about for example the micro 620 00:25:39,110 --> 00:25:37,120 meteorite situation in that part of 621 00:25:41,430 --> 00:25:39,120 space thanks to some of these other 622 00:25:43,269 --> 00:25:41,440 satellites so that's a question i get a 623 00:25:45,269 --> 00:25:43,279 lot is are we worried about micro 624 00:25:47,190 --> 00:25:45,279 meteorite impacts in that part of space 625 00:25:49,510 --> 00:25:47,200 and and the the short answer to that is 626 00:25:51,510 --> 00:25:49,520 no not really um because it's a 627 00:25:53,110 --> 00:25:51,520 semi-stable point stuff doesn't tend to 628 00:25:54,870 --> 00:25:53,120 collect there but part of the reason 629 00:25:56,789 --> 00:25:54,880 that we know that for sure is because 630 00:25:58,310 --> 00:25:56,799 we've been able to sort of assess it 631 00:26:00,549 --> 00:25:58,320 from other spacecraft that are in that 632 00:26:03,909 --> 00:26:00,559 part of space so yes we do have other 633 00:26:05,750 --> 00:26:03,919 satellites out in that part of space 634 00:26:07,590 --> 00:26:05,760 nice thank you thank you so much for 635 00:26:09,830 --> 00:26:07,600 that and so and thank you too to 636 00:26:11,590 --> 00:26:09,840 everyone submitting your questions today 637 00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:11,600 if you are just tuning in we really 638 00:26:15,990 --> 00:26:13,440 encourage you to participate live in 639 00:26:17,750 --> 00:26:16,000 today's show by dropping a question in 640 00:26:20,630 --> 00:26:17,760 the chat stream wherever you're watching 641 00:26:24,070 --> 00:26:20,640 from or by using the hashtag unfold the 642 00:26:25,669 --> 00:26:24,080 universe on social media scarlin amber 643 00:26:28,630 --> 00:26:25,679 don't go anywhere we will get back to 644 00:26:30,630 --> 00:26:28,640 you in just a second but first we have 645 00:26:33,190 --> 00:26:30,640 another way for those watching to 646 00:26:35,590 --> 00:26:33,200 participate in the web mission 647 00:26:38,149 --> 00:26:35,600 we know that five months is a long time 648 00:26:39,510 --> 00:26:38,159 to wait and wonder about what webb will 649 00:26:41,350 --> 00:26:39,520 discover 650 00:26:44,470 --> 00:26:41,360 show us what you believe the web 651 00:26:47,830 --> 00:26:44,480 telescope will reveal by creating art 652 00:26:50,230 --> 00:26:47,840 you can sing you can paint you can dance 653 00:26:53,590 --> 00:26:50,240 the universe is literally the limit in 654 00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:53,600 this case so share a picture or video of 655 00:26:58,789 --> 00:26:56,080 you and your creation online using the 656 00:27:00,870 --> 00:26:58,799 hashtag unfold the universe you'll have 657 00:27:04,390 --> 00:27:00,880 a chance to be featured on nasa's social 658 00:27:07,029 --> 00:27:04,400 media page and also the nasa website 659 00:27:09,029 --> 00:27:07,039 take a look at how it works 660 00:27:11,190 --> 00:27:09,039 hi everyone i'm kelly girardi and this 661 00:27:13,269 --> 00:27:11,200 is delta v and we're kicking off the 662 00:27:15,190 --> 00:27:13,279 unfold the universe challenge with nasa 663 00:27:17,029 --> 00:27:15,200 and the james webb space telescope the 664 00:27:19,510 --> 00:27:17,039 webb telescope is nasa's biggest and 665 00:27:21,190 --> 00:27:19,520 most powerful space telescope ever it's 666 00:27:22,470 --> 00:27:21,200 going to help reveal our universe like 667 00:27:24,389 --> 00:27:22,480 never before 668 00:27:26,710 --> 00:27:24,399 delta what do you think we'll discover i 669 00:27:29,669 --> 00:27:26,720 think we'll see stars plants and 670 00:27:31,909 --> 00:27:29,679 galaxies i can't wait 671 00:27:33,990 --> 00:27:31,919 nasa is hosting an unfold the universe 672 00:27:35,750 --> 00:27:34,000 art challenge use your imagination to 673 00:27:38,230 --> 00:27:35,760 share what you believe the web telescope 674 00:27:40,630 --> 00:27:38,240 will find it could be a drawing a poem a 675 00:27:42,389 --> 00:27:40,640 song you could be creative i took a 676 00:27:44,470 --> 00:27:42,399 picture of why i think to tell the 677 00:27:47,029 --> 00:27:44,480 scenes this is the telescope and these 678 00:27:48,630 --> 00:27:47,039 are our plants and stars wow delta it's 679 00:27:50,310 --> 00:27:48,640 beautiful i can't wait to see what 680 00:27:52,310 --> 00:27:50,320 everyone else comes up with you can 681 00:27:54,310 --> 00:27:52,320 share a photo or a video of your art and 682 00:27:57,269 --> 00:27:54,320 what you think webb will discover using 683 00:28:02,070 --> 00:27:57,279 the hashtag unfolds the universe go 684 00:28:06,710 --> 00:28:05,029 i love this art challenge so much i have 685 00:28:08,470 --> 00:28:06,720 had the amazing honor of being one of 686 00:28:10,630 --> 00:28:08,480 the people that gets to sift through 687 00:28:13,750 --> 00:28:10,640 some of these submissions and each 688 00:28:15,510 --> 00:28:13,760 creation has been so incredibly unique 689 00:28:17,110 --> 00:28:15,520 and really just showcased people's 690 00:28:19,669 --> 00:28:17,120 individuality 691 00:28:21,510 --> 00:28:19,679 it's been inspiring to see everyone's 692 00:28:24,149 --> 00:28:21,520 wonder and creativity from around the 693 00:28:26,149 --> 00:28:24,159 world people of all ages and from so 694 00:28:28,789 --> 00:28:26,159 many different countries for everyone 695 00:28:31,269 --> 00:28:28,799 that has already contributed thank you 696 00:28:34,389 --> 00:28:31,279 who knows maybe your creation really 697 00:28:36,710 --> 00:28:34,399 will be what web reveals so keep them 698 00:28:39,590 --> 00:28:36,720 coming online you can submit them using 699 00:28:42,710 --> 00:28:39,600 the hashtag unfold the universe we love 700 00:28:44,950 --> 00:28:42,720 to see them so we encourage you to join 701 00:28:47,190 --> 00:28:44,960 okay let's bring back amber and scarlen 702 00:28:49,510 --> 00:28:47,200 because we still have so many great 703 00:28:53,029 --> 00:28:49,520 questions coming in online 704 00:28:57,029 --> 00:28:53,039 so the next question we have is a person 705 00:28:59,590 --> 00:28:57,039 on twitter who asks will jwst look at 706 00:29:02,070 --> 00:28:59,600 the hubble deep fields amber 707 00:29:04,950 --> 00:29:02,080 this is a perfect one for you 708 00:29:08,230 --> 00:29:04,960 will they will they be able to see it 709 00:29:12,149 --> 00:29:08,240 yes absolutely in fact one of the 710 00:29:14,389 --> 00:29:12,159 primary drivers for building jwst back 711 00:29:16,710 --> 00:29:14,399 you know years ago a couple decades ago 712 00:29:18,789 --> 00:29:16,720 was to be able to find the very first 713 00:29:21,590 --> 00:29:18,799 galaxies that were born after the big 714 00:29:23,830 --> 00:29:21,600 bang and by looking at images like the 715 00:29:25,750 --> 00:29:23,840 hubble deep field ultra deep field we've 716 00:29:28,149 --> 00:29:25,760 been able to push back and see very 717 00:29:30,389 --> 00:29:28,159 distant galaxies but at some point we 718 00:29:33,990 --> 00:29:30,399 sort of come to the edge of what hubble 719 00:29:37,269 --> 00:29:34,000 can see and jwst was specifically 720 00:29:39,510 --> 00:29:37,279 designed to help us find those first 721 00:29:40,389 --> 00:29:39,520 galaxies beyond what hubble is capable 722 00:29:42,630 --> 00:29:40,399 of seeing 723 00:29:44,389 --> 00:29:42,640 and the hubble ultra deep field and some 724 00:29:45,590 --> 00:29:44,399 of the other deep fields that hubble has 725 00:29:48,070 --> 00:29:45,600 observed 726 00:29:50,710 --> 00:29:48,080 are these places in in space that are 727 00:29:52,710 --> 00:29:50,720 incredibly rich in data so not only do 728 00:29:54,950 --> 00:29:52,720 we have data from hubble we have data 729 00:29:57,350 --> 00:29:54,960 from other observatories we have x-ray 730 00:30:00,710 --> 00:29:57,360 data from chandra we have uh infrared 731 00:30:02,070 --> 00:30:00,720 data uh also from spitzer and so all and 732 00:30:03,990 --> 00:30:02,080 all all different kinds all different 733 00:30:06,070 --> 00:30:04,000 wavelengths of data in these fields and 734 00:30:09,590 --> 00:30:06,080 so the fields themselves are incredibly 735 00:30:12,549 --> 00:30:09,600 rich and adding jwst's deep infrared 736 00:30:14,789 --> 00:30:12,559 data on top is going to help us both 737 00:30:16,950 --> 00:30:14,799 hopefully find those very first galaxies 738 00:30:19,190 --> 00:30:16,960 to be born over 13 and a half billion 739 00:30:21,110 --> 00:30:19,200 years ago as well as just add to the 740 00:30:23,430 --> 00:30:21,120 depth of knowledge that we can learn 741 00:30:27,830 --> 00:30:23,440 about galaxies and about galaxy 742 00:30:34,149 --> 00:30:31,750 wow i mean you mentioned 13.5 billion 743 00:30:36,789 --> 00:30:34,159 years it is just incredible what this 744 00:30:38,389 --> 00:30:36,799 telescope can see and so we've talked 745 00:30:40,470 --> 00:30:38,399 about hubble deep fields we've talked 746 00:30:42,310 --> 00:30:40,480 about some of these first observations 747 00:30:45,430 --> 00:30:42,320 and that leads me to a really great 748 00:30:47,830 --> 00:30:45,440 question from w.f swigert on youtube uh 749 00:30:50,230 --> 00:30:47,840 scarlet this is a great one for you are 750 00:30:53,269 --> 00:30:50,240 the mirror alignments and adjust and 751 00:30:55,190 --> 00:30:53,279 adjustments intended to be permanent or 752 00:30:59,590 --> 00:30:55,200 will they need to be some adjustments 753 00:31:02,710 --> 00:30:59,600 depending on what web decides to look at 754 00:31:04,950 --> 00:31:02,720 yeah so um where it's designed to be 755 00:31:07,110 --> 00:31:04,960 adjusted anytime that it needs to be 756 00:31:09,110 --> 00:31:07,120 anytime that it needs to be so we will 757 00:31:11,830 --> 00:31:09,120 have to align them 758 00:31:14,470 --> 00:31:11,840 throughout the life of the mission 759 00:31:16,470 --> 00:31:14,480 so it's not just right now it's it's a 760 00:31:18,389 --> 00:31:16,480 continuous process 761 00:31:21,110 --> 00:31:18,399 just to make sure that they're always 762 00:31:22,870 --> 00:31:21,120 perfectly aligned 763 00:31:24,870 --> 00:31:22,880 wow it's really like we really do have 764 00:31:26,310 --> 00:31:24,880 our own little transformer in space 765 00:31:28,789 --> 00:31:26,320 that's so cool 766 00:31:30,870 --> 00:31:28,799 um and so 767 00:31:31,590 --> 00:31:30,880 oh i have a great question for both of 768 00:31:37,190 --> 00:31:31,600 you 769 00:31:39,830 --> 00:31:37,200 well states hi my 10 year old son dara 770 00:31:42,070 --> 00:31:39,840 is an inspiring engineer and is really 771 00:31:44,389 --> 00:31:42,080 inspired to watch you tonight what 772 00:31:47,509 --> 00:31:44,399 advice would you give for him to someday 773 00:31:50,389 --> 00:31:47,519 work on projects like this scarlan as 774 00:31:51,430 --> 00:31:50,399 our engineer do you want to kick it off 775 00:31:52,950 --> 00:31:51,440 sure 776 00:31:55,029 --> 00:31:52,960 i would say 777 00:31:56,470 --> 00:31:55,039 work very hard 778 00:31:59,830 --> 00:31:56,480 don't give up 779 00:32:04,310 --> 00:31:59,840 engineering can be hard for a reason but 780 00:32:07,269 --> 00:32:04,320 then we get amazing gifts like jwst so 781 00:32:09,350 --> 00:32:07,279 it's always worth it um just continue on 782 00:32:11,350 --> 00:32:09,360 your path make sure you have a great 783 00:32:14,470 --> 00:32:11,360 support system 784 00:32:17,029 --> 00:32:14,480 and like i said never give up reach for 785 00:32:19,590 --> 00:32:17,039 the stars 786 00:32:22,070 --> 00:32:19,600 oh i love it and then amber you know we 787 00:32:24,070 --> 00:32:22,080 also have a lot of aspiring scientists 788 00:32:25,909 --> 00:32:24,080 do you have any advice for anyone out 789 00:32:28,389 --> 00:32:25,919 there who might want to follow your 790 00:32:30,149 --> 00:32:28,399 footsteps one day 791 00:32:31,990 --> 00:32:30,159 yeah well scarlet just gave some really 792 00:32:35,830 --> 00:32:32,000 great great advice and i think that 793 00:32:37,509 --> 00:32:35,840 holds for for science as well um and one 794 00:32:39,269 --> 00:32:37,519 specific thing she mentioned that's been 795 00:32:40,710 --> 00:32:39,279 really important for me is that support 796 00:32:43,269 --> 00:32:40,720 network so 797 00:32:45,750 --> 00:32:43,279 i know that mentors have been incredibly 798 00:32:48,470 --> 00:32:45,760 important uh to me to help me you know 799 00:32:50,470 --> 00:32:48,480 get to where i am in my career and so i 800 00:32:52,549 --> 00:32:50,480 think it's super important to find 801 00:32:53,830 --> 00:32:52,559 people all along the way no matter what 802 00:32:55,350 --> 00:32:53,840 stage you are 803 00:32:57,830 --> 00:32:55,360 in your in your education and your 804 00:32:59,590 --> 00:32:57,840 learning to find people that um are 805 00:33:01,830 --> 00:32:59,600 willing to help you and support you and 806 00:33:04,070 --> 00:33:01,840 sort of help you make it to the next 807 00:33:05,669 --> 00:33:04,080 step because none of us do any of this 808 00:33:07,590 --> 00:33:05,679 by ourselves you know it's it's a group 809 00:33:10,310 --> 00:33:07,600 effort for sure so find good mentors 810 00:33:12,470 --> 00:33:10,320 that is probably my top piece of advice 811 00:33:15,029 --> 00:33:12,480 and then if i could jump back to a 812 00:33:17,269 --> 00:33:15,039 previous question uh because i now have 813 00:33:20,070 --> 00:33:17,279 an answer so one of our engineers uh 814 00:33:22,789 --> 00:33:20,080 texted me thank you mike menzel um and 815 00:33:25,669 --> 00:33:22,799 said that the time it takes to orbit l2 816 00:33:28,389 --> 00:33:25,679 is 180 days which i didn't know until 817 00:33:31,350 --> 00:33:28,399 just now so it actually takes half a 818 00:33:33,830 --> 00:33:31,360 year almost to make that full complete 819 00:33:35,430 --> 00:33:33,840 orbit around l2 so i knew it was a long 820 00:33:38,789 --> 00:33:35,440 time i didn't quite realize it was that 821 00:33:40,310 --> 00:33:38,799 long so super interesting 822 00:33:41,269 --> 00:33:40,320 yeah wow thank you for that and thank 823 00:33:45,110 --> 00:33:41,279 you mike 824 00:33:47,029 --> 00:33:45,120 um and so moving on we have a 825 00:33:49,509 --> 00:33:47,039 oh we have a great question from penny 826 00:33:51,669 --> 00:33:49,519 on facebook um 827 00:33:54,230 --> 00:33:51,679 amber if you want to take this one feel 828 00:33:56,549 --> 00:33:54,240 free it she wants to know how will the 829 00:33:59,110 --> 00:33:56,559 public access the images once they're 830 00:34:03,830 --> 00:34:01,029 yeah so that's that's a great question 831 00:34:06,230 --> 00:34:03,840 um that also will be housed at the space 832 00:34:09,030 --> 00:34:06,240 telescope science institute um which is 833 00:34:12,149 --> 00:34:09,040 where scarlet works uh so they um they 834 00:34:14,629 --> 00:34:12,159 are our sort of um repository for for 835 00:34:16,950 --> 00:34:14,639 housing the data uh for the telescope 836 00:34:20,069 --> 00:34:16,960 also for hubble um so that will be the 837 00:34:22,310 --> 00:34:20,079 place to go to get the all of the images 838 00:34:24,230 --> 00:34:22,320 and of course as we make discoveries as 839 00:34:26,950 --> 00:34:24,240 astronomers make discoveries along the 840 00:34:28,869 --> 00:34:26,960 way with the data um we will of course 841 00:34:31,190 --> 00:34:28,879 you know provide those those fully 842 00:34:36,230 --> 00:34:31,200 produced beautiful images uh to the 843 00:34:41,270 --> 00:34:38,950 great news thank you amber so our next 844 00:34:45,109 --> 00:34:41,280 question comes from connor mcewen on 845 00:34:47,510 --> 00:34:45,119 facebook who asks will the jwst correct 846 00:34:49,430 --> 00:34:47,520 for photons from the sun pushing on the 847 00:34:52,310 --> 00:34:49,440 sun shield scarlen do you have any 848 00:34:56,149 --> 00:34:55,109 uh we will get a lot of solar uh 849 00:34:59,910 --> 00:34:56,159 pressure 850 00:35:01,990 --> 00:34:59,920 sunshield but 851 00:35:05,109 --> 00:35:02,000 as far as the photons and all of that i 852 00:35:08,470 --> 00:35:05,119 think amber would probably be 853 00:35:13,349 --> 00:35:10,710 yeah so um yeah as scarlet mentioned 854 00:35:16,390 --> 00:35:13,359 that solar radiation will push push on 855 00:35:19,190 --> 00:35:16,400 us um so that's you know the sun shield 856 00:35:22,069 --> 00:35:19,200 is essentially a solar sail um so yeah 857 00:35:24,550 --> 00:35:22,079 we will make make small corrections um 858 00:35:26,790 --> 00:35:24,560 during the course of operations to make 859 00:35:28,310 --> 00:35:26,800 sure we sort of offload that momentum 860 00:35:30,069 --> 00:35:28,320 that builds up 861 00:35:31,510 --> 00:35:30,079 from due to solar radiation on the 862 00:35:35,190 --> 00:35:31,520 sunshield yep that's going to be a 863 00:35:36,630 --> 00:35:35,200 regular part of our operations 864 00:35:38,790 --> 00:35:36,640 yeah i think i must understand that 865 00:35:41,349 --> 00:35:38,800 question completely agree with amber on 866 00:35:47,349 --> 00:35:44,550 great thank you so much and on the topic 867 00:35:50,230 --> 00:35:47,359 of new technologies really built for 868 00:35:53,829 --> 00:35:50,240 this telescope we have a question from 869 00:35:55,510 --> 00:35:53,839 brent on twitter who asks what are some 870 00:35:58,069 --> 00:35:55,520 other new technologies 871 00:36:01,109 --> 00:35:58,079 that building the jwst telescope has 872 00:36:02,870 --> 00:36:01,119 created especially transformative tech 873 00:36:04,870 --> 00:36:02,880 that have might have changed our daily 874 00:36:07,190 --> 00:36:04,880 lives so basically he's looking for 875 00:36:09,349 --> 00:36:07,200 spin-offs has any other new technology 876 00:36:11,270 --> 00:36:09,359 been created um 877 00:36:13,430 --> 00:36:11,280 through the building and operation of 878 00:36:15,589 --> 00:36:13,440 web 879 00:36:17,349 --> 00:36:15,599 scarlet or amber whoever wants to go 880 00:36:19,990 --> 00:36:17,359 first that's a great question i'm 881 00:36:21,829 --> 00:36:20,000 curious about 882 00:36:23,270 --> 00:36:21,839 yeah so the the one that comes to mind 883 00:36:25,910 --> 00:36:23,280 that i know of that 884 00:36:28,870 --> 00:36:25,920 i know nasa has has talked about is the 885 00:36:32,470 --> 00:36:28,880 fact that um because these mirrors have 886 00:36:34,470 --> 00:36:32,480 to be aligned so precisely um the shape 887 00:36:36,870 --> 00:36:34,480 of the mirror has to be absolutely 888 00:36:38,790 --> 00:36:36,880 perfect and so that'll happen after this 889 00:36:41,910 --> 00:36:38,800 upcoming three-month mirror alignment 890 00:36:45,589 --> 00:36:41,920 process so if you can imagine if the 891 00:36:48,550 --> 00:36:45,599 whole 22-foot mirror was the size of the 892 00:36:51,030 --> 00:36:48,560 continental us the biggest bump on this 893 00:36:53,910 --> 00:36:51,040 mirror is going to be about an inch or 894 00:36:55,430 --> 00:36:53,920 two okay so it's very very smooth the 895 00:36:58,550 --> 00:36:55,440 surface of the mirror 896 00:37:00,630 --> 00:36:58,560 now it turns out that um confirming that 897 00:37:03,910 --> 00:37:00,640 smoothness and even measuring the 898 00:37:06,630 --> 00:37:03,920 smoothness is really really hard to do 899 00:37:09,349 --> 00:37:06,640 and so just the technology that we had 900 00:37:11,750 --> 00:37:09,359 to develop to measure the smoothness of 901 00:37:14,630 --> 00:37:11,760 the mirror has actually already been 902 00:37:16,550 --> 00:37:14,640 used in the medical field in the field 903 00:37:19,910 --> 00:37:16,560 of ophthalmology 904 00:37:22,230 --> 00:37:19,920 so eye doctors have used this technology 905 00:37:25,109 --> 00:37:22,240 to help measure the shape of the human 906 00:37:26,870 --> 00:37:25,119 eye and this has already gotten benefits 907 00:37:29,510 --> 00:37:26,880 in making um 908 00:37:31,829 --> 00:37:29,520 eye surgery much shorter much more 909 00:37:35,109 --> 00:37:31,839 efficient and much safer so that's one 910 00:37:36,790 --> 00:37:35,119 example of a sort of spin-off technology 911 00:37:39,109 --> 00:37:36,800 that's come from the development of this 912 00:37:42,150 --> 00:37:39,119 telescope that really plays real effects 913 00:37:48,390 --> 00:37:45,430 wow that is really cool thank you amber 914 00:37:50,950 --> 00:37:48,400 and to kind of stick on this topic of 915 00:37:53,670 --> 00:37:50,960 mirrors scarlen we have a question from 916 00:37:55,190 --> 00:37:53,680 brian on youtube who asks 917 00:37:57,589 --> 00:37:55,200 well actually who's looking for more 918 00:37:59,829 --> 00:37:57,599 clarity about where 919 00:38:01,670 --> 00:37:59,839 webb's 18 mirror segments are supposed 920 00:38:04,950 --> 00:38:01,680 to be pointed specifically he's 921 00:38:06,710 --> 00:38:04,960 wondering are all 18 segments pointed in 922 00:38:08,150 --> 00:38:06,720 18 different directions 923 00:38:11,270 --> 00:38:08,160 or 924 00:38:12,550 --> 00:38:11,280 pointed in one direction and aimed at 925 00:38:13,829 --> 00:38:12,560 and targeted 926 00:38:16,470 --> 00:38:13,839 at different 927 00:38:18,950 --> 00:38:16,480 focal points 928 00:38:21,030 --> 00:38:18,960 yes that's a great question so they all 929 00:38:24,710 --> 00:38:21,040 have to be all the 18 segments have to 930 00:38:26,710 --> 00:38:24,720 be aligned um to make that parabolic uh 931 00:38:29,750 --> 00:38:26,720 that iconic picture that you've all seen 932 00:38:32,710 --> 00:38:29,760 it's a bit of a concave uh mirror there 933 00:38:35,109 --> 00:38:32,720 and um basically they all have to be 934 00:38:36,950 --> 00:38:35,119 pointed in the same direction 935 00:38:40,069 --> 00:38:36,960 um the 936 00:38:42,630 --> 00:38:40,079 light is going to be reflected onto the 937 00:38:46,150 --> 00:38:42,640 big giant mirror and then it will be 938 00:38:47,670 --> 00:38:46,160 that will beam into the secondary mirror 939 00:38:50,550 --> 00:38:47,680 of the telescope 940 00:38:52,630 --> 00:38:50,560 which will then uh go back into kind of 941 00:38:53,829 --> 00:38:52,640 like that nose in the middle of that 942 00:38:55,750 --> 00:38:53,839 giant mirror 943 00:38:57,589 --> 00:38:55,760 which holds a tertiary mirror and fine 944 00:38:58,550 --> 00:38:57,599 steering mirror 945 00:39:00,950 --> 00:38:58,560 and so 946 00:39:02,630 --> 00:39:00,960 yes it's that parabolic shape that you 947 00:39:04,870 --> 00:39:02,640 see there 948 00:39:08,550 --> 00:39:04,880 and that's what we need to maintain the 949 00:39:12,390 --> 00:39:08,560 entire time the pointing is done uh 950 00:39:16,790 --> 00:39:14,630 okay great so yes the mirrors are all 951 00:39:17,829 --> 00:39:16,800 actually pointing in the same direction 952 00:39:21,670 --> 00:39:17,839 thank you 953 00:39:24,790 --> 00:39:21,680 and so moving on we have a question from 954 00:39:26,310 --> 00:39:24,800 manuel on twitter who asks can webb's 955 00:39:29,349 --> 00:39:26,320 observations 956 00:39:31,510 --> 00:39:29,359 observation schedule be adjusted in case 957 00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:31,520 a discovery shifts the scientific 958 00:39:33,750 --> 00:39:32,720 priorities 959 00:39:36,150 --> 00:39:33,760 amber 960 00:39:38,790 --> 00:39:36,160 do you have any insight on that 961 00:39:42,230 --> 00:39:38,800 yeah absolutely and in fact that sort of 962 00:39:44,630 --> 00:39:42,240 flexibility in scheduling is is built in 963 00:39:47,910 --> 00:39:44,640 uh and so in astronomers speak those are 964 00:39:49,990 --> 00:39:47,920 called targets of opportunity or to's uh 965 00:39:52,310 --> 00:39:50,000 and so if something super exciting 966 00:39:54,390 --> 00:39:52,320 something sort of short-lived happens uh 967 00:39:56,790 --> 00:39:54,400 in the universe and we want to pause our 968 00:39:59,670 --> 00:39:56,800 observations and point the telescope in 969 00:40:01,670 --> 00:39:59,680 that direction we have that flexibility 970 00:40:03,990 --> 00:40:01,680 built into the schedule to be able to do 971 00:40:06,950 --> 00:40:04,000 that so a good example would be like if 972 00:40:08,710 --> 00:40:06,960 a supernova goes off you know or um or 973 00:40:11,430 --> 00:40:08,720 you know some some other event like that 974 00:40:13,510 --> 00:40:11,440 that happens sort of quickly so yes we 975 00:40:15,430 --> 00:40:13,520 have that capability built in 976 00:40:17,670 --> 00:40:15,440 there are some constraints on that so 977 00:40:19,430 --> 00:40:17,680 you can imagine as the telescope orbits 978 00:40:21,109 --> 00:40:19,440 around the sun 979 00:40:23,430 --> 00:40:21,119 again we sort of talked about it can't 980 00:40:26,230 --> 00:40:23,440 ever look back towards the sun so it can 981 00:40:27,990 --> 00:40:26,240 only see a part of the sky at once and 982 00:40:29,670 --> 00:40:28,000 so if it just so happens that your 983 00:40:31,750 --> 00:40:29,680 object of opportunity is in the wrong 984 00:40:34,390 --> 00:40:31,760 part of the sky we wouldn't be able to 985 00:40:36,710 --> 00:40:34,400 do that but for the most part in general 986 00:40:39,109 --> 00:40:36,720 we do have the flexibility to sort of 987 00:40:41,510 --> 00:40:39,119 pause the scheduled sort of routine 988 00:40:43,030 --> 00:40:41,520 operations to observe things that happen 989 00:40:46,950 --> 00:40:43,040 in the universe 990 00:40:52,870 --> 00:40:49,910 so sticking on kind of these 991 00:40:54,630 --> 00:40:52,880 these shifting in case of a discovery 992 00:40:56,710 --> 00:40:54,640 robert on facebook 993 00:40:58,550 --> 00:40:56,720 asks as part of webb's mission 994 00:41:01,829 --> 00:40:58,560 scientists will be analyzing the 995 00:41:03,990 --> 00:41:01,839 atmospheres of exoplanets on possibly 996 00:41:06,150 --> 00:41:04,000 habitable for possibly habitable 997 00:41:08,390 --> 00:41:06,160 conditions i know that is something a 998 00:41:11,190 --> 00:41:08,400 lot of people are very excited about 999 00:41:13,910 --> 00:41:11,200 with this uh specific mission and so he 1000 00:41:16,390 --> 00:41:13,920 wants to know how will web collect this 1001 00:41:18,790 --> 00:41:16,400 data of these atmospheres and what kind 1002 00:41:22,710 --> 00:41:18,800 of things will scientists be looking for 1003 00:41:29,190 --> 00:41:25,349 so the way that we study exoplanet 1004 00:41:31,910 --> 00:41:29,200 atmospheres is by watching the planet 1005 00:41:33,829 --> 00:41:31,920 transit in front of its star 1006 00:41:35,750 --> 00:41:33,839 and so this is this is how we've been 1007 00:41:38,870 --> 00:41:35,760 able to discover so many of these 1008 00:41:41,829 --> 00:41:38,880 exoplanets in our galaxy is by watching 1009 00:41:44,150 --> 00:41:41,839 a star and watching for the light to dim 1010 00:41:46,630 --> 00:41:44,160 in a periodic way and so that's how we 1011 00:41:49,030 --> 00:41:46,640 know that a planet is orbiting it and so 1012 00:41:50,550 --> 00:41:49,040 you see the simulation on the screen now 1013 00:41:52,710 --> 00:41:50,560 you can sort of see that teeny tiny 1014 00:41:55,430 --> 00:41:52,720 little planet crossing in front of the 1015 00:41:57,910 --> 00:41:55,440 star and you can even get a sense of 1016 00:42:00,069 --> 00:41:57,920 just how hard this is so essentially 1017 00:42:02,790 --> 00:42:00,079 what we're going to be doing is watching 1018 00:42:05,750 --> 00:42:02,800 that planet pass in front of the star 1019 00:42:08,390 --> 00:42:05,760 and then watching the starlight filter 1020 00:42:10,309 --> 00:42:08,400 through that planet's teeny tiny little 1021 00:42:13,270 --> 00:42:10,319 thin atmosphere 1022 00:42:16,230 --> 00:42:13,280 it's really really difficult very 1023 00:42:19,349 --> 00:42:16,240 difficult observations but with jvsd we 1024 00:42:21,990 --> 00:42:19,359 now have new capability to do this um 1025 00:42:24,309 --> 00:42:22,000 better than has ever been done before um 1026 00:42:26,470 --> 00:42:24,319 you know i study i study how stars and 1027 00:42:28,790 --> 00:42:26,480 black holes form in distant galaxies and 1028 00:42:31,109 --> 00:42:28,800 how galaxies change over time so 1029 00:42:34,069 --> 00:42:31,119 exoplanets are pretty far from my own 1030 00:42:36,309 --> 00:42:34,079 personal research but i think that some 1031 00:42:38,550 --> 00:42:36,319 of the exoplanet science that jd rusty 1032 00:42:39,829 --> 00:42:38,560 does is going to be some of the most 1033 00:42:42,790 --> 00:42:39,839 outstanding 1034 00:42:46,309 --> 00:42:42,800 you know surprising uh incredible things 1035 00:42:48,790 --> 00:42:46,319 that jbc is gonna do and it turns out 1036 00:42:50,870 --> 00:42:48,800 that an infrared telescope is perfect 1037 00:42:52,870 --> 00:42:50,880 for these observations because some of 1038 00:42:55,430 --> 00:42:52,880 the things in these atmospheres that we 1039 00:42:56,950 --> 00:42:55,440 really care a lot about um happen to 1040 00:42:59,670 --> 00:42:56,960 fall in the infrared part of the 1041 00:43:02,710 --> 00:42:59,680 spectrum so uh chemical signatures like 1042 00:43:05,670 --> 00:43:02,720 carbon dioxide and methane and water 1043 00:43:07,349 --> 00:43:05,680 vapor all of those that could be sort of 1044 00:43:10,790 --> 00:43:07,359 you know pointing towards the building 1045 00:43:17,270 --> 00:43:14,790 wow i mean that is incredible amber 1046 00:43:18,790 --> 00:43:17,280 thank you so much for just painting that 1047 00:43:21,670 --> 00:43:18,800 picture for us about how this is going 1048 00:43:24,230 --> 00:43:21,680 to happen and i think it's so cool to 1049 00:43:27,430 --> 00:43:24,240 just go back to the fact that 1050 00:43:29,589 --> 00:43:27,440 web is making all these observations at 1051 00:43:32,390 --> 00:43:29,599 a stable orbit at this lagrange point 1052 00:43:34,710 --> 00:43:32,400 too in space and so scarlin 1053 00:43:36,470 --> 00:43:34,720 this whole show we've been talking about 1054 00:43:39,190 --> 00:43:36,480 lagrange 0.2 1055 00:43:45,750 --> 00:43:39,200 i have a question about that how can you 1056 00:43:50,550 --> 00:43:48,790 um so it's actually the reason we chose 1057 00:43:52,950 --> 00:43:50,560 that location 1058 00:43:55,750 --> 00:43:52,960 it's because uh well it was already 1059 00:43:57,270 --> 00:43:55,760 explained in the video uh what lagrange 1060 00:43:58,230 --> 00:43:57,280 point two is but 1061 00:44:02,390 --> 00:43:58,240 um 1062 00:44:05,430 --> 00:44:02,400 the 1063 00:44:07,270 --> 00:44:05,440 telescope is able to float uh much 1064 00:44:10,309 --> 00:44:07,280 easier in that bit 1065 00:44:13,270 --> 00:44:10,319 and we don't have to use much fuel to 1066 00:44:16,870 --> 00:44:13,280 maintain ourselves there 1067 00:44:18,870 --> 00:44:16,880 so that's basically the gist of it 1068 00:44:21,589 --> 00:44:18,880 and you're seeing that in the simulation 1069 00:44:26,309 --> 00:44:23,990 and you see tell the telescope 1070 00:44:29,910 --> 00:44:26,319 orbiting l2 1071 00:44:32,630 --> 00:44:29,920 around orbiting around the sun there 1072 00:44:34,829 --> 00:44:32,640 in this sort of halo orbit not exactly a 1073 00:44:36,390 --> 00:44:34,839 circular orbit more 1074 00:44:38,790 --> 00:44:36,400 halo 1075 00:44:42,069 --> 00:44:38,800 thank you for that and so we have our 1076 00:44:43,910 --> 00:44:42,079 next question from murali on facebook 1077 00:44:46,950 --> 00:44:43,920 who wants to know will james webb 1078 00:44:48,630 --> 00:44:46,960 provide information about the big bang 1079 00:44:51,430 --> 00:44:48,640 amber i think this is a great one for 1080 00:44:56,630 --> 00:44:51,440 you 1081 00:44:57,750 --> 00:44:56,640 know looking back in time um what the 1082 00:45:00,230 --> 00:44:57,760 real 1083 00:45:02,790 --> 00:45:00,240 thing we want to find out with jwst is 1084 00:45:05,430 --> 00:45:02,800 to see the first galaxies that were born 1085 00:45:07,430 --> 00:45:05,440 after the big bang um and so we won't be 1086 00:45:09,670 --> 00:45:07,440 looking back you know so to speak to the 1087 00:45:11,910 --> 00:45:09,680 very quote-unquote moment of the big 1088 00:45:14,470 --> 00:45:11,920 bang but what we're really interested in 1089 00:45:17,670 --> 00:45:14,480 seeing is how what happened in the big 1090 00:45:19,190 --> 00:45:17,680 bang gave rise to those first galaxies 1091 00:45:22,230 --> 00:45:19,200 and that's a part of space that we've 1092 00:45:25,589 --> 00:45:22,240 never seen before so um of course we've 1093 00:45:27,349 --> 00:45:25,599 seen uh images of the sort of the glow 1094 00:45:29,349 --> 00:45:27,359 the remnant of the big bang in the 1095 00:45:31,670 --> 00:45:29,359 cosmic microwave background 1096 00:45:33,670 --> 00:45:31,680 but at that point in time uh there 1097 00:45:35,910 --> 00:45:33,680 weren't there was no stuff right there 1098 00:45:38,470 --> 00:45:35,920 was just radiation uh there was just 1099 00:45:41,750 --> 00:45:38,480 elements and so what we're looking for 1100 00:45:44,790 --> 00:45:41,760 is the the point at which that early 1101 00:45:47,109 --> 00:45:44,800 hydrogen and helium the sort of the 1102 00:45:49,670 --> 00:45:47,119 what was the components of of the big 1103 00:45:51,990 --> 00:45:49,680 bang when that hydrogen and helium first 1104 00:45:54,470 --> 00:45:52,000 started forming the very first stars in 1105 00:45:56,550 --> 00:45:54,480 galaxies the first stuff in the universe 1106 00:45:58,470 --> 00:45:56,560 the first objects and so that's what 1107 00:46:01,910 --> 00:45:58,480 we're going to specifically be looking 1108 00:46:06,309 --> 00:46:01,920 for with jwst is this first epic of 1109 00:46:07,990 --> 00:46:06,319 galaxies that formed after the big bang 1110 00:46:10,230 --> 00:46:08,000 wow and so amber 1111 00:46:12,710 --> 00:46:10,240 to get this right we have never 1112 00:46:15,430 --> 00:46:12,720 done that before have we we have never 1113 00:46:18,230 --> 00:46:15,440 looked that far back 1114 00:46:20,150 --> 00:46:18,240 right yeah so with hubble we've talked a 1115 00:46:22,470 --> 00:46:20,160 little bit about the hubble deep fields 1116 00:46:24,630 --> 00:46:22,480 and with the deepest images we've been 1117 00:46:27,349 --> 00:46:24,640 able to take with hubble we've been able 1118 00:46:29,670 --> 00:46:27,359 to see back pretty far and see some very 1119 00:46:30,790 --> 00:46:29,680 distant galaxies and see those galaxies 1120 00:46:33,349 --> 00:46:30,800 as they were 1121 00:46:35,190 --> 00:46:33,359 in the very distant past so we have been 1122 00:46:37,829 --> 00:46:35,200 able to see very distant galaxies with 1123 00:46:40,230 --> 00:46:37,839 hubble but we sort of come up to the 1124 00:46:43,510 --> 00:46:40,240 edge of what hubble can do we can't see 1125 00:46:45,990 --> 00:46:43,520 any further because these first galaxies 1126 00:46:48,069 --> 00:46:46,000 are emitting their light uh the light 1127 00:46:51,030 --> 00:46:48,079 now is only in the infrared part of the 1128 00:46:53,109 --> 00:46:51,040 spectrum um so even if we had a huge you 1129 00:46:55,030 --> 00:46:53,119 know visible light telescope in space an 1130 00:46:56,950 --> 00:46:55,040 even bigger one we still wouldn't be 1131 00:46:58,950 --> 00:46:56,960 able to see these galaxies because their 1132 00:47:01,670 --> 00:46:58,960 light is now totally in the infrared 1133 00:47:03,750 --> 00:47:01,680 part of the spectrum um and so so yeah 1134 00:47:05,589 --> 00:47:03,760 we'll be able to to see that first epic 1135 00:47:08,950 --> 00:47:05,599 of galaxies that's more distant than 1136 00:47:11,190 --> 00:47:08,960 what we've been able to see with hubble 1137 00:47:13,349 --> 00:47:11,200 that is so exciting thank you thank you 1138 00:47:16,069 --> 00:47:13,359 so much for that and so we have a fun 1139 00:47:19,030 --> 00:47:16,079 question for both of you uh scooby 1140 00:47:21,670 --> 00:47:19,040 arthur on youtube asks what are you 1141 00:47:23,670 --> 00:47:21,680 hoping for for the very first discovery 1142 00:47:28,390 --> 00:47:23,680 scarlet i'll kick it to you and then 1143 00:47:32,710 --> 00:47:30,870 i think for me what's most fascinating 1144 00:47:34,309 --> 00:47:32,720 is to think that now that we're going to 1145 00:47:37,030 --> 00:47:34,319 be able to through 1146 00:47:39,670 --> 00:47:37,040 all of the gas and fog 1147 00:47:42,870 --> 00:47:39,680 in space that we weren't able to before 1148 00:47:45,270 --> 00:47:42,880 mid and infrared um 1149 00:47:48,470 --> 00:47:45,280 that discover things that we didn't know 1150 00:47:51,109 --> 00:47:48,480 existed um so that's super fascinating 1151 00:47:52,710 --> 00:47:51,119 to me of the exoplanets i'm learning 1152 00:47:54,470 --> 00:47:52,720 about 1153 00:47:57,270 --> 00:47:54,480 planets that are made of 1154 00:48:00,470 --> 00:47:57,280 rock like us like earth 1155 00:48:03,190 --> 00:48:00,480 that could have oxygen or 1156 00:48:05,750 --> 00:48:03,200 signs of carbon dioxide 1157 00:48:09,030 --> 00:48:05,760 and us that could help support life 1158 00:48:11,670 --> 00:48:09,040 that's just interesting um 1159 00:48:16,630 --> 00:48:11,680 and know if they're to know about our 1160 00:48:22,630 --> 00:48:19,750 yeah and for me um yeah sort of in a 1161 00:48:24,549 --> 00:48:22,640 similar vein i mean we have all of these 1162 00:48:26,230 --> 00:48:24,559 very specific questions we want to 1163 00:48:28,950 --> 00:48:26,240 answer about the universe right and we 1164 00:48:31,190 --> 00:48:28,960 have this first year of observations 1165 00:48:33,430 --> 00:48:31,200 planned where we hope to start to answer 1166 00:48:36,309 --> 00:48:33,440 some of those questions things like yeah 1167 00:48:37,990 --> 00:48:36,319 how did how did planets and stars form 1168 00:48:39,910 --> 00:48:38,000 and what's going on with some of the 1169 00:48:42,630 --> 00:48:39,920 objects in our solar system and again 1170 00:48:45,349 --> 00:48:42,640 all the way back to finding those first 1171 00:48:47,430 --> 00:48:45,359 galaxies so we have these very specific 1172 00:48:49,750 --> 00:48:47,440 questions that we want to answer but for 1173 00:48:52,630 --> 00:48:49,760 me as a scientist the thing i'm most 1174 00:48:55,030 --> 00:48:52,640 excited about is the discoveries that i 1175 00:48:57,270 --> 00:48:55,040 know we will make that are completely 1176 00:48:59,190 --> 00:48:57,280 unexpected like it's like there are 1177 00:49:01,109 --> 00:48:59,200 these surprises out there lurking in the 1178 00:49:03,430 --> 00:49:01,119 universe things that we've never dreamed 1179 00:49:05,829 --> 00:49:03,440 of and i think we'll find those and i 1180 00:49:08,390 --> 00:49:05,839 think that prospect of finding things 1181 00:49:10,069 --> 00:49:08,400 that completely surprise us that sort of 1182 00:49:12,390 --> 00:49:10,079 change the way we understand the 1183 00:49:15,990 --> 00:49:12,400 universe that is what i'm most excited 1184 00:49:19,910 --> 00:49:18,390 wow thank you both i mean i completely 1185 00:49:21,430 --> 00:49:19,920 agree and also 1186 00:49:23,750 --> 00:49:21,440 i know amber you've done a little bit of 1187 00:49:25,910 --> 00:49:23,760 work with black holes and so just seeing 1188 00:49:27,990 --> 00:49:25,920 what this telescope even reveals about 1189 00:49:29,829 --> 00:49:28,000 those is going to be incredible so so 1190 00:49:30,870 --> 00:49:29,839 much great science to come for webb 1191 00:49:33,190 --> 00:49:30,880 right now 1192 00:49:33,990 --> 00:49:33,200 so for scarlet i've got a question for 1193 00:49:36,390 --> 00:49:34,000 you 1194 00:49:39,910 --> 00:49:36,400 from afgeek on twitter 1195 00:49:42,710 --> 00:49:39,920 who asks how excited does an aerospace 1196 00:49:47,990 --> 00:49:42,720 engineer get about the astronomical 1197 00:49:51,589 --> 00:49:49,589 and i can repeat that as well if you 1198 00:49:54,950 --> 00:49:51,599 need it super excited even though you 1199 00:49:59,510 --> 00:49:57,190 it's i remember during the deployment 1200 00:50:01,430 --> 00:49:59,520 phase i was on the edge of my seat it 1201 00:50:02,790 --> 00:50:01,440 was like watching you know the super 1202 00:50:04,230 --> 00:50:02,800 bowl for me 1203 00:50:07,270 --> 00:50:04,240 um 1204 00:50:09,109 --> 00:50:07,280 and pop champagne while i was in the 1205 00:50:11,030 --> 00:50:09,119 control center but obviously that's not 1206 00:50:13,030 --> 00:50:11,040 a good idea 1207 00:50:15,109 --> 00:50:13,040 but definitely when i got home it was a 1208 00:50:17,270 --> 00:50:15,119 big celebration um 1209 00:50:19,349 --> 00:50:17,280 i'm really over the moon about how 1210 00:50:20,950 --> 00:50:19,359 amazing everything has been going up to 1211 00:50:24,069 --> 00:50:20,960 this point and i'm so excited for the 1212 00:50:29,270 --> 00:50:25,109 nice and 1213 00:50:33,270 --> 00:50:29,280 amber how excited does an astronomer get 1214 00:50:38,230 --> 00:50:36,069 yeah well i mean we're obviously excited 1215 00:50:40,870 --> 00:50:38,240 about the science of course all of us 1216 00:50:43,109 --> 00:50:40,880 astronomers are but for me one of the 1217 00:50:45,510 --> 00:50:43,119 coolest things about working at nasa is 1218 00:50:47,910 --> 00:50:45,520 that we do work alongside these 1219 00:50:51,030 --> 00:50:47,920 brilliant engineers that have built this 1220 00:50:52,870 --> 00:50:51,040 awesome machine that is going to i think 1221 00:50:55,510 --> 00:50:52,880 change the way that we understand the 1222 00:50:57,670 --> 00:50:55,520 universe and um just to be a part of 1223 00:51:00,309 --> 00:50:57,680 that to be uh you know to be able to 1224 00:51:02,790 --> 00:51:00,319 walk across campus and see the telescope 1225 00:51:05,349 --> 00:51:02,800 being built a few years ago really gave 1226 00:51:07,510 --> 00:51:05,359 me a much better understanding again as 1227 00:51:08,390 --> 00:51:07,520 a scientist it gave me a better 1228 00:51:09,109 --> 00:51:08,400 understanding 1229 00:51:11,190 --> 00:51:09,119 of 1230 00:51:13,670 --> 00:51:11,200 just what goes into engineering to 1231 00:51:15,670 --> 00:51:13,680 building these types of things it's 1232 00:51:17,750 --> 00:51:15,680 absolutely incredible you know i think 1233 00:51:21,190 --> 00:51:17,760 this is a this is a moment in our 1234 00:51:23,349 --> 00:51:21,200 history uh as humans that we can just as 1235 00:51:25,670 --> 00:51:23,359 you know as a society as 1236 00:51:28,069 --> 00:51:25,680 as a species be so proud of because 1237 00:51:30,470 --> 00:51:28,079 we've built this amazing beautiful 1238 00:51:32,309 --> 00:51:30,480 machine uh that is going to transform 1239 00:51:35,430 --> 00:51:32,319 our understanding of the universe and i 1240 00:51:39,910 --> 00:51:37,990 so well put thank you both for that uh 1241 00:51:41,750 --> 00:51:39,920 answer and so 1242 00:51:44,230 --> 00:51:41,760 scarlet i have another follow-up for you 1243 00:51:47,270 --> 00:51:44,240 glitchedrobot on twitter asks what can 1244 00:51:49,750 --> 00:51:47,280 you tell us about jwst's secondary 1245 00:51:53,270 --> 00:51:49,760 mirror is it the same material as the 1246 00:51:58,309 --> 00:51:55,910 uh so it is another gold mirror um and 1247 00:52:00,109 --> 00:51:58,319 it's con it's the convex 1248 00:52:02,829 --> 00:52:00,119 very mirror about 1249 00:52:06,230 --> 00:52:02,839 2.40 diameter i 1250 00:52:08,870 --> 00:52:06,240 believe good question 1251 00:52:11,990 --> 00:52:08,880 yeah thank you for that glitched robot 1252 00:52:14,390 --> 00:52:12,000 so moving on amber we've got a question 1253 00:52:17,829 --> 00:52:14,400 from an 8th grade student who wants to 1254 00:52:20,470 --> 00:52:17,839 know if jwst will be used to find or 1255 00:52:24,150 --> 00:52:20,480 identify large objects in the coupler 1256 00:52:28,630 --> 00:52:27,190 absolutely so um that part of the outer 1257 00:52:30,470 --> 00:52:28,640 solar system 1258 00:52:33,829 --> 00:52:30,480 is something we're definitely planning 1259 00:52:36,069 --> 00:52:33,839 to uh to use jbst to study objects and 1260 00:52:38,549 --> 00:52:36,079 to look for objects there so 1261 00:52:40,950 --> 00:52:38,559 yep like i said the the whole solar 1262 00:52:43,990 --> 00:52:40,960 system basically from mars on out is 1263 00:52:45,430 --> 00:52:44,000 fair game and so we absolutely will be 1264 00:52:48,470 --> 00:52:45,440 looking for objects in the outer solar 1265 00:52:52,230 --> 00:52:48,480 system with this telescope 1266 00:52:54,710 --> 00:52:52,240 wow i mean thrilled for what's to come 1267 00:52:57,589 --> 00:52:54,720 and unfortunately that is all the time 1268 00:52:59,670 --> 00:52:57,599 that we have for today but amber scarlet 1269 00:53:01,430 --> 00:52:59,680 thank you both so much for your time 1270 00:53:03,349 --> 00:53:01,440 today it was so great to hear your 1271 00:53:06,630 --> 00:53:03,359 insight on this mission and we really 1272 00:53:10,630 --> 00:53:08,309 thank you it was really an honor to 1273 00:53:13,109 --> 00:53:10,640 share with you all 1274 00:53:15,589 --> 00:53:13,119 yeah thanks so much this has been fun so 1275 00:53:17,910 --> 00:53:15,599 exciting 1276 00:53:20,470 --> 00:53:17,920 and a big thank you to all of you who 1277 00:53:22,710 --> 00:53:20,480 joined and asked your question today 1278 00:53:24,710 --> 00:53:22,720 make sure to stick with us as web gears 1279 00:53:27,270 --> 00:53:24,720 up to unfold the universe and start 1280 00:53:29,589 --> 00:53:27,280 sending back science and data 1281 00:53:32,549 --> 00:53:29,599 visit go.nasa.gov 1282 00:53:34,390 --> 00:53:32,559 forward slash where is web to keep up 1283 00:53:36,630 --> 00:53:34,400 with the telescope's milestones the 1284 00:53:39,270 --> 00:53:36,640 observatory's temperature and its 1285 00:53:41,990 --> 00:53:39,280 location in space the team will also be 1286 00:53:44,230 --> 00:53:42,000 posting regular updates to the at nasa 1287 00:53:46,870 --> 00:53:44,240 web social media accounts that includes 1288 00:53:49,349 --> 00:53:46,880 twitter facebook and instagram 1289 00:53:52,309 --> 00:53:49,359 we will be back to answer your questions 1290 00:53:59,060 --> 00:53:52,319 live on this show once web releases its